Is There A Water Shortage - 1269 Words

Have you ever wondered how much of the Earth’s water is drinkable? Well, the surface of the Earth is made up of 70% water. 97% of that water is saline, meaning salt water, which is found in oceans and seas. The last 3% is freshwater which humans need to survive and that number is going down. In the U.S., droughts, floods, and climate changes are rapidly going up. It is suggested that by the next 10 years one of many regions in the U.S. is going to face a water shortage. Over the last four years, Californians have gotten a big wake-up call, as drought forces them to reconsider water as a scarce commodity. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the region s water supplier, delivered 15% less water to cities in the greater†¦show more content†¦Less snowpack means less snow to melt and refill the state s reservoirs with fresh water people can use (Kincaid). In Colorado, officials told the Government Accountability Office they re keeping an eye on the effects of fracking on the state s water supply. Using water for fracking could contribute to local shortages in the drought-prone state, which only gets 12-16 inches of precipitation every year. Also in the West, the U.S. Census Bureau projects the populations of Nevada and Arizona will more than double between 2000 and 2030. However, those two states get some of the nation s lowest amounts of precipitation, so more people will be vying to use water resources that already aren t plentiful (Kincaid). While any given person may not be directly causing these water issues, everyone plays a role in how much drinkable water there is in the US. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the average American used 88 gallons of water per day in 2010. The entire human population in America uses 27,400 million gallons per day around the house, for stuff like preparing food, washing clothes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns (Kincaid). So, what can the government and citizens of the U.S. do to solve this problem? The Administration at the White House has announced a new water innovation strategy to help maintain and reserve water in the U.S. The first strategy calls for boosting water sustainability and long-term water security by increasing use of water

The Value Chain By Michael E. Porter And Popularized Essay

The Term ‘value chain’ was coined by Michael E. Porter and popularized in his business management book, Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. According to Michael E. Porter, the value chain includes the activities within and around a company that creates a product or service. Porter’s value chain constitutes a set of activities that are performed to design, product and market, deliver and support its products. Porter distinguished between; †¢ Primary activities: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service in the core value chain creating value. †¢ Support activities: procurement, development, technology, human resource management, firm infrastructure supporting the value creation in the core value chain Value chain analysis is a very helpful tool that is used for working out how greatest possible value can be created for the customers. Any or all of the primary activities that are mentioned above may be vital in development of a company’s competitive advantage. For instance, logistics activities are critical for a provider of distribution services, likewise service activities may be the key focus of a firm offering on-site maintenance contracts for office equipment. It is very important for an organization to understand the activities that add value to its products and services and the activities that do not add any value. Understanding these parameters will help the company map its processes and flows toShow MoreRelatedPorter s Value Chain Of The Petroleum Sector1338 Words   |  6 PagesPorter’s Value Chain in the Petroleum Sector A value chain is a full range of activities, including design, production, marketing and distribution that businesses go through to bring a product or service from conception to delivery. The value chain analysis was popularized by Michael Porter in 1985. Porter investigated the sequence of activities that are required to bring a product or service from concept through different stages of production, distribution, and to the final customer. Porter wroteRead MoreDell Value Chain1717 Words   |  7 PagesVALUE ADDED CHAIN IN DELL SUBMITTED BY: SIDDHARTHA DAS ROLL NO: 32 BATCH: PGDM (FM) 2010-12 SUBJECT: Project and Infrastructure Management: Financing, Implementation and Control Table of Contents Sl.No. | Description | Page No. | 1 | VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS | 3 | 2 | VALUE CHAIN IN DELL | 4 | 3 | DIRECT SELLING STRATEGY OF DELL | 5 | 4 | COMPONENTS OF DIRECT SELLING STRATEGY | 6 | 5 | ADVANTAGES OF VALUE CHAIN OF DELL | 8 | 5.1 | CONCLUSION | 9 | CHAPTER-1 What is ValueRead MoreCritically Evaluate Two Approches Used During the Strategic Analysis Process3858 Words   |  16 Pagesfuture. Many schools give a lot of methods of market analysis. 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This includes monitoring results, comparingRead MoreGlobalization Strategy Of The Korean Pop Music9775 Words   |  40 Pagesstrategy of cultural products and successful applications of CT in K-pop, this paper looks into hybridisation in music products in a value chain approach. This would be the first attempt to discuss hybridisation in music products along value chain. Precisely, in this paper, based on the music products value chain models built by different scholars, a new value chain model will be built. The new model will be mainly divided into three parts – inputs, labels and distributions. Then, how hybridisationRead MoreMass Customization3901 Words   |  16 Pageswill also provide value chain of mobile phone manufacturing regarding mass customization. Furthermore, the essay will include some perspective and challenges that faced by Mass Customization Company, and also the New Product Development Stage, using Apparel In dustry as example. Introduction In business nowadays, the trend of manufacturing is shifting from mass production (MP) concept into mass customization (MC) concept. Mass production is an â€Å"old† concept practiced and popularized by Henry Ford

Role of Tourism as a Key Economic Activity

Question: Discuss about theRole of Tourism as a Key Economic Activity. Answer: Introduction Tourism is one of the global sources of economic and regional development of countries. The growth and development in tourism industry bring with planning, policies, and practices. In this study, we will understand the tourism contribution t destinations, resources, evaluation and business practices of Australia. From past years, tourism has become one of the major industry and sector or source of income for many countries. The sustainable development of tourism is one of the major responsibility which aims is to achieve a sustainable utilization of resources, preservation of the climatic change, etc. To have positive outcomes; there is a need to focus on affect and impact of environmental, social and economic development is these areas. Australia is a country which is a fast developing nation with its many green and diverse cities and towns. This country also has one of the fastest developing economies. The country has many business hubs and MNCs. There is an increase in the arrivals of tourist by 5 % in the year 2010 when compared to last year tourist. It was approx 5.8 million at the end of October 2010. The Australia is expecting approx 20 million tourists in the year 2020. The cities like Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, and many others are the favorite places of tourists. Therefore, we can say that the sustainable development of tourism is an ideal thinking an approach to balance the social, economic and environmental issues. It also helps to ensure the long-term sustainability n the tourism industry of Australia. The Australian government is trying hard to increase the income and revenue from the tourism industry and sustainable development of the same. In Australia, the state of Brisbane has provided a smart state program with $120 million to bring development and growth in that state. Economic Impact of Tourism The sustainable development is providing an economic aspect on the country and global levels. As it minimizes the negative effect and ensures the sustainable use of resources. It is also providing high levels of revenue to the countries (Aldebert, Dang, and Longhi, 2011). Australian Tourism The tourism industry of Australia is acknowledged by the regional societies that act as a social and economic driver. There is a competency so that it helps to provide jobs and employment to the individuals of Australia. The total expenditure for the tourist industry in increased by 5 % that is about AU $59 billion since 2008. The Queensland in Australia is the most visited place of tourist. With this, the government of Australia has developed a model named as tourist impact model that wok for local councils and help (Amelung and Nicholls, 2014) economic impact of the tourism in Australia. It is one of the effective methods of generating income through tourism and also to improve the industry. It also measures the economic activities to focus and gain the future impact to the tourism industry. It acts as a cardiac tonic for the growth of Australian economy (Spilsbury, 2011). The tourism industry is capable of bringing benefits and profits while utilizing cost on the host communities. Equally the cost and gains are collected. The regional development is an effective tool to have fair returns from the efforts that the communities are putting to raise the net tourism revenue. Instead of putting efforts on advertisement and promotion, the government has to concentrate on the sustainable development of destinations. The Australian government is trying hard to increase the income and revenue from tourism (Oldakowski, 2013) industry and sustainable development of the same. In Australia, the state of Brisbane has provided a smart state program with $120 million to bring development and growth in that state. At this place, there are innovative and knowledgeable drives the economic growth so that the problems and challenges can be resolved by using technology that results in improvement of the tourism sector. Hence, the positive development of tourism is dependent on the way it planned and managed (Singh Jaswal, 2014). Sometimes, the economic issues affect the tourism industry in a negative manner. To avoid such situations there is a need to concern on key economic areas (Assaf, Gil-Alana, and Barros, 2011). With the strengthening of the Australian dollar, many of the tourists tighten their wallets. The impact of the strengthen dollar is that the destination of Australia is become expensive for the overseas travelers. It will result in 5 % drop in the tourism. Many hotels, tourist, and traveling agency are getting affected due to this event. The time speeded by the travelers in Australia is also turning down (Rihova, 2013). The flash flood has also created an impact on the tourism industry. It caused the damage of approx AU $6 billion which is included in the budget for reconstruction. The food prices are also increased, and the local business is also affected that are providing goods and services to localities and tourists. The companies are unable to cut the cost so that the national and international tourist can be attracted. In 2011, the two factors, first were strong dollar and second was the flood, affected the tourism industry in Australia and its economic growth (Aslam, 2012). Importance of Tourism Sector Tourism is one of the largest industries that has a good volume of business and potential to give employment opportunities for the generation of individuals. After the World War 2, there is a hike in the tourism sector in the entire parts of the world as it is one of the strategic tools to generate income and foreign direct investment. Sustainability in tourism in the major concern of todays authority because it is the basic need for the planning and development of this industry. The rural development in many places is unable to facilitate the sustainable tourism development successfully. Tourism sector provides a direct and indirect source of revenue. Tourism also generates income for the government, businesses, by sales of products and services, tax, revenues, etc. the income that is captured by the government through tourist industry is used further in the development and growth of this sector only (Ruhanen, Whitford, and McLennan, 2015). Points that will tell the in-depth importance of Tourism Industry- It helps to understand the culture of other countries, It enhances the hospitality in the country. It promotes the culture of one nation to another It enhances the relationships between one nation. It helps to generate income for the people who survive at places where life is almost impossible. The Tourism industry is an industry that assists to make the connection among the people who may belong to different countries. The Environmental Issues of Sustainable Tourism Development Though, the environmental impacts act as a negative outcome for the tourism though the regulatory give importance to this issue. The destinations are designed in a way that they create the least impact on the environment. It also results in the decrease in carbon pollution as currently the Australian tourism is opting for low carbon travel. It has been possible due to the encouragement by the government to the tourists as well as the locals to experience and enjoy low carbon vacations, life style, etc. For this lots of tour packages are provided into village areas and vineyard journeys. To survive in the competition, Australia is trying hard and adopting all the measures that can enhance its tourism. The actively participate in sustainability programs as they are become more conscious of the environment. The government also does the environment audit timely to achieve sustainable tourism development in Australia. The Issues of Sustainable Tourism Development The investments in tourism is a complex problem for every country because it is one of the most segmented and heterogeneous, encompass catering, resorts, and hotels, travel services, etc. sector that is affected by many common issues. Other factors like a trend, climate, depletion of resources, wellness, health, etc. have a negative impact on this businesss attractiveness. The key factors that affect the tourist industry are- Carbon Emissions and Other Emissions We cant say that tourism is one the major contributor to global warming but due to increasing air traffic, the emission of co2 is mixing into the air. It is creating a burden of the regulatory of the tourist industry to eliminate and recycle as much carbon as possible (Moore and Doherty, 2011). Consumption of Energy and Water Resources The luxury demanded by the tourist such as 5-star hotels and services leads to increase in the consumption of energies. Probably, they desire for (Pham et al., 2015) hot water pool, the temperature of rooms, laundry, spa, golf, etc. all result in an increase of energy bills (Cabie, 2014). Employment and Contribute Towards Local Economy This sector is providing most of the job opportunities to the individuals. One of the studies by the world travel organization found that more than 9% of global GDP came from the tourist industry. The Working Conditions As this industry is a significant source of income for people, sometimes it also acts as hard working conditions, low level of remunerations, and only part-time or daily basis contracts specifically in hotel and restaurants sector. Hospitality The demand for hospitality by the tourists is a major concern for the tourism sectors. They want to have marvelous hospitality with all the amenities which acts as a big challenge for the hotel industries. Wellness and Health Issues Obesity, health problems, weakness, food allergies, etc. are growing concern of the health authorities. Many restaurants and hotels are spending millions of dollars to improve the food of their restaurants. They also try to provide health food with good taste. Safety of Food To prevent outbreaks, the hotel industries are trying to maintain the hygiene and full product traceability. Tax and Other Barriers There is a complex franchise, joint ventures, subsidiary systems in the sector of tourism that is the major concern of the regulators and they are concerned to avoid tax for tourism sector (Buchmann, 2014). Security The safety of tourist is also one of the major concerns for the regulators. Many safety and security measures are adopted by them. They are still working on how the attacks can be prevented on clients (Biggs, 2010). Conclusion The sustainable development of tourism of global countries including Australia is in a fast process because it is important for the culture and nature of the same. It influenced the entire social, economic and environment areas as we studied above. To explore the tourism, the Australian government has provided many sustainable practices to protect the development of tourism industry. It not only encourages the domestic tourists but also international tourist to explore the treasures of Australia. Such practices of the government also motivated to corporate, corporations and stake holders to collaborate and contribute so that the tourism industry of Australia can be improved. They can provide economic and social aid to the destination of the Australia, so that tourist industry can survive in such high global competition. Now days, the tourism industry of Australia is giving a significant contribution to the country. It is affecting the lives of many communities of Australia but providing a developed quality of sustainable polices for the tourism development. Despite of all, the country is still facing problems and challenges in many parts including carbon emission, pollution, the natural disaster like floods, increase in the price of food, etc. Many times, huge investment is required in the settlement of all the problems. These issues act as a barrier to the development of Australia tourism. Hence, the government is taking measures of sustainability so that current demand can be fulfilled as well as the future expectations. Many policies and strategies are discussed and implemented towards the sustainable development of tourism industry in Australia. References Aldebert, B., Dang, R. and Longhi, C. (2011). Innovation in the tourism industry: The case of Tourism@. Tourism Management, 32(5), pp.1204-1213. Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S. (2014). Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, pp.228-244. Aslam. M. (2012). Issues and challenges in sustainable tourism development in rural areas. [Online]. Accessed on: 22 September 2016. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272170293_Issues_and_Challenges_in_Sustainable_Tourism_Development_in_Rural_Areas Assaf, A., Gil-Alana, L. and Barros, C. (2011). Persistence Characteristics of Tourism Arrivals to Australia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), pp.165-176. Biggs, D. (2010). The Tourism Society's Dictionary for the Tourism Industry. Tourism Management, 31(4), p.556. Buchmann, A. (2014). Insights into domestic horse tourism: the case study of Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, pp.1-17. Cabie. I. (2014). Sustainable tourism: 10 key issues investors should consider. . [Online]. Accessed on: 22 September 2016. Available on: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-tourism-10-key-issues-investors. Moore, D. and Doherty, A. (2011). United States travel and tourism industry. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc. Oldakowski, R. (2013). Floridas Tourism Industry. AAG Newsletter. Pham, T., Jago, L., Spurr, R. and Marshall, J. (2015). The Dutch Disease effects on tourism The case of Australia. Tourism Management, 46, pp.610-622. Rihova, I. (2013). Music Festivals and Regional Development in Australia. Tourism Management, 36, p.119. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C. (2015). Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check. Tourism Management, 48, pp.73-83. Singh Jaswal, S. (2014). Role of Tourism Industry in Indias Development. J Tourism Hospit, 04(02). Spilsbury, R. (2011). Tourism industry. New York: Rosen Central.

Rhetorical Analysis From One Second to the Next Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis From One Second to the Next Paper In the film â€Å"From One Second to the Next† by Werner Herzog, he interviews four heartbroken families and the people that were involved in the accidents caused by texting and driving. Being able to see the rhetorical side of this documentary will help the audience to comprehend where the rhetors are coming from and why they made this documentary. This memo will help breakdown some of those questions. Using rhetoric is to persuade the audience to believe the message the rhetor is trying to get across. In this case Herzog’s message, the exigence or the need, would be to show the audience that there are a lot of car accidents and fatalities from texting and driving. With the exigence, as Carroll stated in â€Å"Backpacks vs. Briefcases,† â€Å"You can begin to understand a piece’s exigence by asking, ‘What is this rhetoric responding to?’ ‘What might have happened to make the rhetor respond in this way?’† The rhetor or rhetors of this story is the people telling the story. Covino and Jollifee define rhetor as â€Å"an individual involved in the production of a text, usually a speaker or writer.† In this film there are many rhetors telling their side of the story. The director is also a rhetor because he is the one telling the main story by interviewing and asking the questions, and then editing all of the rhetors stories together to help get the point across to the audience. Different ways the rhetors try to have an affect on the audience would be using logos, pathos and ethos also known as the artistic appeals. The logos of the film would help to point out the statistics to the audience, as it states in the beginning â€Å"Over 100,000 accidents a year involve drivers who are texting. The numbers climb sharply.† In this statement he is showing the statistics in text-related accidents each year. Pathos played a big part in this documentary, using the emotional side to r elate to the audience using dramatic music, how the directo We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis From One Second to the Next specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis From One Second to the Next specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis From One Second to the Next specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Ground Level Ozone Regulations Essays - Smog, Environment

Ground Level Ozone Regulations Essays - Smog, Environment Ground Level Ozone Regulations What: In 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) established new ozone standards. The EPA also placed special restrictions on twenty-two states in the Ohio Valley and Midwest regions to prevent emissions from coal-burning power plants from being carried into the New England States by wind currents. (Tennessee is one of these twenty-two states.) Both of these rulings were recently either struck down or placed on hold by Federal Appeals Courts. Why: The regulations put into place in 1997 by the EPA were more restrictive than the 1990 standards. The regulations limit the amount of ground level ozone and fine particle pollution permitted. Ground level ozone is produced by nitrogen oxide(NOx) which is created by burning fossil fuels. Since gasoline and diesel are both fossil fuels, then NOx is a major component of automobile emissions. Several members of the trucking and fossil fuel industries, as well as members of the twenty-two state region, have challenged the regulations in Federal Court and have been successful in blocking the implementation of the new rules. In the past two months, two separate Federal Court Of Appeals panels have ruled that the EPAs authority to establish clean air standards is not properly delegated by Congress under the Clean Air Act. Therefore, since the EPA is a part of the Executive branch of government and not the Legislative, they have no authority to produce regulations on their own. The plaintiffs in the case also argued that the amount of pollution a person can tolerate has not been established and until it is the EPA should not make the current regulations more restrictive. How: The main actors in this event are the American Trucking Associations and their fellow plaintiffs, the twenty-two state coalition, the EPA, and the Federal Appeals Court. Why would the American Trucking Associations and other fossil fuel burning industries want to limit the EPAs authority? What do they have to gain? Last year, according to the EPAs own press release detailing their enforcement efforts in fiscal year 1998, the EPA referred 266 criminal cases to the Department of Justice, as well as 411 civil court cases. Approximately half of the civil cases required violators to change the way they manage their facilities or to reduce their emissions or discharges. The EPA also assessed almost $93 million dollars in criminal fines and another $92 million in civil penalties. In addition to fines and penalties, polluters spent over $2 billion dollars to correct violations. Not included in this estimate would be the legal expenses incurred or the advertising and marketing costs required to mend a damaged pubic relations image. Clearly it is in the industries best financial interest if the regulations are less restrictive. Many companies that spent large amounts of money to meet the 1990 Clean Air Act standards would have to spend even more to meet the amended 1997 standards. Do the states in the twenty-two state region have another reason to argue against the standards? According to Sean Cavanaghs article in the April 4, 1999 edition of the Chattanooga Times/Free Press, Atlanta lost $700 million in federal roads money as a result of failing to come up with a pollution containment plan. In addition, the state of Georgia had to fund a state superagency to develop and enforce transit plans that meet federal standards. The states joined the industrial groups in claiming that the new standards are too strict and are unnecessary. Chattanooga is not expected to meet the new requirements by the year 2000 deadline and Chattanooga Mayor Kensey and Tennessee Governor Sundquist were two of the public officials who protested the new standards as being too strict. Are the new standards too strict? How does the EPA determine the required levels? According to the press release issued by the EPA following the courts decision, the Federal Courts are not questioning the science and process conducted by the EPA justifying the setting of new, more protective standards. The EPA claims that their standards, which are designed to limit the affects that smog and soot have on people with respiratory problems, protect 125 million Americans including 35 million children. The Federal Courts only have issue with the constitutionality of certain parts of the Clean Air Act that allow the EPA to establish clean air regulations in the interest of public health. The EPA is recommending that the Department of Justice appeal the ruling to the US Supreme Court. Several interest groups are closely watching the case. The powerful industrial and truckers lobby groups are supporting the plaintiffs, while several environmental lobby groups and health associations, such as the American Lung Association, are supporting the EPAs efforts.

Definition and Examples of the High or Grand Style

Definition and Examples of the High or Grand Style Definition In classical rhetoric, the grand style refers to speech or writing thats characterized by a heightened emotional tone, imposing diction, and highly ornate figures of speech. Also called high style. See the observations below. Also see: DecorumEloquenceLevels of Usage Plain Style and Middle Style Purple ProseStyle Observations Alas! the grand style is the last matter in the world for verbal definition to deal with adequately. One may say of it as is said of faith: One must feel it in order to know what it is.(Matthew Arnold, Last Words on Translating Homer, 1873)The grand style of oratory Cicero described was magnificent, stately, opulent, and ornate. The grand orator was fiery, impetuous; his eloquence rushes along with the roar of a mighty stream. Such a speaker might sway thousands if conditions were right. But if he resorted to dramatic delivery and majestic speech without first preparing his listeners, he would be like a drunken reveller in the midst of sober men. Timing and a clear understanding of the speaking situation were critical. The grand orator must be familiar with the other two forms of style or his manner would strike the listener as scarcely sane. The eloquent speaker was Ciceros ideal. No one ever achieved the eminence he had in mind but like Platos philosopher king, the ideal sometimes motivated mans best efforts.(James L. Golden et al., The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 8th ed. Kendall Hunt, 2004) [In De Doctrina Christiana] Augustine notes that for Christians all matters are equally significant because they concern mans eternal welfare, so ones use of different stylistic registers should be linked to ones rhetorical purpose. A pastor should use a plain style for instructing the faithful, a moderate style for delighting an audience and making it more receptive or sympathetic to sacred teachings, and a grand style for moving the faithful to action. Although Augustine says that a preachers chief homiletic purpose is instruction, he acknowledges that few people will act based on instruction alone; most must be moved to act through the psychological and rhetorical means employed in the grand style.(Richard Penticoff, Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996)

W5A 597 SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W5A 597 SWOT Analysis - Essay Example The strengths of an organization could include the length of time that the business has operated which increases their expertise and competencies. In addition, the knowledge, skills, proficiencies of the leaders or executive management team also poses strengths to the firm since their competencies would define the decisions and strategies that were and would be implemented. The leaders’ proficiencies in the field of endeavor that the firm is undertaking would enable application of management and leadership theories which could be considered best practices in the field of discipline. Further, the design of company policies, philosophies, or procedures also help the organization achieve the defined mission, vision, and goals in the most efficient and effective manner. As such, these strengths enable the organization to exhibit financial success, gain market leadership, as well as offer products and services that benefit their various stakeholders. Likewise, objective identification of weaknesses would provide the organization with ample time, resources, and efforts to address, correct, or turn these weaknesses into strengths, as deemed possible. Weaknesses could come in terms of lack of needed resources or competencies in product development, or application of strategies for the marketing mix. Likewise, the firm could be transcending into new markets or changing leaders and members of the executive team. As such, transition periods, changes in management profile, or re-designing policies and procedures could pose challenges that might bring weaknesses in the process. Venturing into new or unknown avenues, without appropriate historical experience or expertise, could also pose difficulties for the firm. Thus, identifying these weaknesses through the SWOT analysis would enable decision-makers to make the necessary strategies to pre-empt or correct them, as deemed necessary. Concurrently, policy makers should